Introduction: Discoloration of anterior teeth is not uncommon and can be due to a variety of reasons including genetic and environmental factors.Discolored teeth are not well mineralized and are prone to sensitivity solace nicotine salts and caries.Therefore, their early management is necessary.Case presentation: Three patients were presented to th

Abstract Background SPATULA (SPT) and ALCATRAZ (ALC) are recent paralogs that belong to the large bHLH transcription factor family.Orthologs of these genes have been found in all core eudicots, whereas pre-duplication genes, named paleoSPATULA/ALCATRAZ, have been found in basal eudicots, monocots, basal angiosperms and gymnosperms.Nevertheless, fun

Orchids have evolved flowers with unique morphologies through coevolution with pollinators, such as insects.Among the floral organs, the lip (labellum), one of the three petals, exhibits a distinctive shape and plays a crucial role in attracting pollinators and facilitating pollination in many orchids.The lip of the terrestrial orchid Habenaria rad

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite with a wide host range that includes humans, domestic animals and wild animals.Small mammals serve as intermediate hosts for T.gondii and may contribute to the persistence of this parasite in the environment.Mass mortality in wild animals and deaths in rare endemic species make the study of this par

Water is a factor input for many food system activities such as agriculture, food processing and consumption.However, food system activities also affect water resources.Moreover, the shift in focus of food security in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) from producing enough staple foods toward healthy diets stimulates local production of fres